Which type of fluid has an LD ratio of 1:2 or less typically?

A transudative fluid is characterized by a low protein content, which results in an LD (lactate dehydrogenase) ratio of 1:2 or less. This type of fluid typically arises due to systemic conditions, such as congestive heart failure or cirrhosis, rather than local inflammatory or infectious processes. The fundamental concept here is that transudative fluids are produced when there is an imbalance in hydrostatic and oncotic pressures, rather than an inflammatory process that would elevate protein levels and LD enzyme concentrations.

In contrast, exudative fluids generally have higher protein content and LD ratios, reflecting localized inflammation or malignancy. Serous fluids can have various LD ratios depending on their origin and nature, while hemorrhagic fluids are characterized by the presence of blood cells and can have varied biochemical characteristics. Thus, the specific definition of transudative fluid aligns with the provided LD ratio specification, making it the most accurate choice in this context.