Which condition is associated with high levels of S-type amylase?

High levels of S-type amylase are most commonly associated with mumps. Mumps is a viral infection that primarily affects the salivary glands, particularly the parotid glands. Inflammation of the salivary glands during a mumps infection can lead to an increase in the secretion of amylase, including the S-type variant, which is produced mainly in the salivary glands.

While other conditions listed may affect amylase levels, they do not specifically correlate with the increase in S-type amylase in the same manner as mumps does. For example, chickenpox and hepatitis are viral infections that can have various systemic effects but are not primarily known for causing significant elevations in S-type amylase. Gout, being a condition related to uric acid metabolism, does not influence amylase levels in the way that a salivary gland infection does. Thus, the association between high levels of S-type amylase and mumps is well established due to the involvement of salivary gland pathology.