What hormone is released from the kidney due to ineffective arterial pressure?

The hormone released from the kidney in response to ineffective arterial pressure is renin. Renin is part of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS), which plays a crucial role in regulating blood pressure and fluid balance. When arterial pressure drops, the kidneys detect this decrease in perfusion pressure, prompting the juxtaglomerular cells to secrete renin.

Renin acts on angiotensinogen, which is synthesized in the liver, converting it into angiotensin I. Subsequently, angiotensin I is converted into angiotensin II by the action of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE), primarily in the lungs. Angiotensin II has multiple effects, including vasoconstriction to increase blood pressure and stimulating the adrenal glands to produce aldosterone, which promotes sodium and water retention. This cascade is vital for maintaining blood pressure homeostasis, particularly in situations of low blood volume or pressure.

Other choices listed do not play the same regulatory role in response to arterial pressure. Insulin is primarily involved in glucose metabolism; aldosterone, while important for sodium and water retention, is not directly released in response to arterial pressure itself but rather is a downstream effect of renin. Thyroid hormone does