What does the screening test for gestational diabetes mellitus consist of?

The screening test for gestational diabetes mellitus typically involves administering a 50 g oral glucose load and measuring the blood glucose concentration one hour later. This one-hour glucose challenge test is designed to identify individuals who may have impaired glucose tolerance during pregnancy. If the initial screening shows elevated blood glucose levels, further testing, such as a follow-up glucose tolerance test, may be required to confirm a diagnosis.

This method is preferred because it is simple, non-fasting, and quick, making it convenient for pregnant individuals. It also allows for early detection of potential glucose metabolism issues, which is crucial for managing maternal and fetal health effectively.

In contrast, the other options present different testing protocols that do not align with screening recommendations for gestational diabetes. A fasting glucose test and a 2-hour glucose tolerance test are typically used for diagnostic purposes rather than initial screening. The 3-hour glucose tolerance test is also a diagnostic procedure used if the screening test results are abnormal. A urine test for ketones and glucose is not an appropriate screening method for gestational diabetes, as it does not provide a reliable assessment of glucose metabolism.

Thus, the choice emphasizing the 50 g glucose load with a one-hour measurement accurately reflects the standard screening practice for gestational diabetes.