In Wilson's disease, what is the primary cause of neurological symptoms?

In Wilson's disease, the primary cause of neurological symptoms is indeed copper accumulation in brain tissue. This genetic disorder leads to abnormal copper metabolism, resulting in excessive accumulation of copper in various tissues of the body, particularly the liver and brain.

As the condition progresses, the accumulated copper in the brain can cause neurological damage, which manifests as various symptoms, including mood changes, cognitive decline, and motor control issues. The basal ganglia, which are deeply embedded structures in the brain responsible for movement control and coordination, are particularly affected. This neurological involvement occurs due to the toxic effects of copper on neuronal cells, leading to oxidative stress and cellular injury.

While liver dysfunction and low ceruloplasmin levels are significant components of Wilson's disease, they are more related to the hepatic manifestations and metabolic aspects rather than the neurological symptoms directly. Increased blood urea nitrogen, on the other hand, is associated with kidney function and does not directly pertain to the pathology of Wilson's disease. Hence, the accumulation of copper in brain tissue is the primary underlying cause of the neurological symptoms observed in this condition.