Which of the following non-pancreatic conditions can cause a high amylase?

High levels of amylase can occur in various conditions that are not limited to pancreatic disorders. Mumps is a viral infection that is primarily known for its effect on the parotid glands, leading to swelling and inflammation, which can subsequently cause an increase in serum amylase levels. This elevation occurs because the enzymes produced by the salivary glands can spill into the bloodstream when these glands are inflamed or damaged, reflecting the non-pancreatic elevation of amylase.

In contrast, conditions like sarcoidosis, diabetes, and kidney stones are typically not associated with elevated serum amylase levels. Sarcoidosis may affect various organs but does not directly influence amylase production. Diabetes, while impacting numerous metabolic processes, does not have a direct link to increased amylase. Kidney stones might cause pain and other symptoms, but they do not affect amylase levels directly as the organs involved in kidney stone formation are not part of the digestive enzyme pathways. Thus, mumps stands out as the condition capable of causing high amylase due to its involvement with the salivary glands.