What is the most common plasma cell disorder?

The most common plasma cell disorder is monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (M.G.U.S.). This condition is characterized by the presence of an abnormal protein (monoclonal protein or M-protein) in the blood, produced by a relatively low number of abnormal plasma cells. It typically does not present with the complications seen in more serious plasma cell disorders, such as multiple myeloma.

M.G.U.S. is often found incidentally during blood tests and while it can progress to more serious conditions, such as multiple myeloma or lymphoma, the vast majority of individuals with M.G.U.S. remain asymptomatic. This prevalence makes it the most frequently diagnosed plasma cell disorder, reflecting its occurrence in the general population as opposed to the more severe pathologies that may manifest later, such as in multiple myeloma, which involves more significant proliferation of malignant plasma cells and leads to symptoms such as bone pain, anemia, and renal impairment.

While other options represent important conditions related to plasma cells, they do not have the same prevalence as M.G.U.S. which underscores its classification as the most common plasma cell disorder.